Chris Bermans Biography

Chris Bermans Biography Introduction Born on October in the year 1955 Chris Berman became a famous sport-caster in America and perhaps that could be the reason they decided to nickname him ‘Boomer’. How Mr. Berman choose his career in the line of TV production is still not clear considering the fact that he had studied and graduated with a degree in history from Brown University.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Chris Bermans Biography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most notable part of his career life in TV production is his work at ESPN. Although he had studied history in the university, Berman proved that he could also excel in sports broadcasting. After playing in all major Baseball, leagues Derek Jeter can be termed as a legend of the game. Although his case was easy to understand unlike Berman’s case, â€Å"the love for the game† must have been his driving force. The rise of sport shows In the earl y stages of his career, Chris Berman joined ESPN, becoming a very popular broadcaster, and the conclusion is that he was more than a broadcaster who rose up to be a star. Before Chris Bermans era, sport on TV was just for the sake of passing the good or the bad news to the fans (Hatch, 2010). In fact, it is evident that watching sports on TV at that time was not much different from reading a newspaper article on the same. Thanks to Mr. Berman, sport broadcast on TV had to take a new dimension and it has never been the same again. If making the broadcasting lively and full of emotions was to get a copyright then the person to receive this is no other that Chris Berman. TV programs and hosts come and go and as soon as they are off air, their memories on viewer’s mind fade away. This however is very different with Chris Berman and all the shows that he hosted all the way from the ‘sport centre’, ‘Baseball Tonight’ to the most watched ‘Post game sh ow’. In all shows Berman had a way of connecting with the audience because he produced exactly what his viewers expected. His nickname however, has a relationship to the shows that he hosted. In all these shows fun and laughs can be the best words to describe them. Initially, watching sport programs on the television was a serious business and it was not for the purpose of any entertainment. The conclusion is that Chris Berman introduced entertainment in television sport shows. Berman influenced the production of programs that attracted the attention of the viewer (Porter, 1995). Sport shows had been on TV for long enough but most of the times their effect on the viewers passed on unnoticed. This means that the shows did not have an established fan base but after Chris Berman’s shows in ESPN this had to change and these shows started to attract fans.Advertising Looking for term paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As stated by Bender and Steele (2007) â€Å"sometimes TV and sports radio shows have a religious effect on fans. For example, there are many great sports personalities, such as Chris Berman (ESPN) and Dan Patrick (ESPN) whom many sport fans watch consistently.† This is similar to the case of Derek in Baseball game. Berman and the fans The audience or the viewer in the case of Berman is the most important element in any broadcast. Realizing this fact is very important to any TV or radio personality and Berman had his facts right, and in all the shows that he hosted it was all about the viewers. Initially, the TV sport shows broadcasted on television had little concern about the viewer or the fan. In fact, most of them had had a design with the sole purpose of taking the message home. The conclusion is that the fundamental objective of Berman in all his shows was to make or give the fans the opportunity to celebrate what he loved most and that is spor ts. As claimed by Smith and Hollihan (2009) Berman had a personal connection with his viewers in all the shows that he hosted. Berman and Cable TV A cable TV that broadcasted sports 24 hours, seven day a week was a thing that could not be imagined before ESPN and of course Berman. From its humble beginning, ESPN had risen and become one of the most successful sports broadcasting station in the world and attribution of most of this success was to Chris Berman. As Porter (1995) continues to claim, â€Å"Berman’s style suited well in developing of cable TV.† Therefore, Chris Berman contributed to the rise of cable TV similar to Derek in the rise of baseball. Conclusion Chris Berman having received his university education in the field of history ended up developing a career in broadcasting which was a success. Throughout his career, Berman brought a new face in broadcasting of sports on the TV. Before Berman was on TV, the main aim of sport broadcasting was to pass the me ssage. Chris Berman introduced the entertainment in sports broadcasting and he actually proved that the viewer is the most important element in the whole business of broadcasting. He also led to the development of anchors who were viewer minded and finally he contributed to the rise of cable TV. References Bender, C., Steele, J. (2007) Sports fan 101: Score The balance in your relationship. Bloomington: Author House Ltd.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Chris Bermans Biography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hatch, L. (2010, April 20). The incredible Career of ESPN Anchor Chris Berman. Business Insider. Porter, D. (1995) Biographical dictionary of American sports: 1992-1995 supplement for baseball, football, basketball, and other sports. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Smith, A., Hollihan, K. (2009) ESPN: The Company: The story and lessons behind the most fanatical brand in sports. New Jersey: Wiley sons, Inc.

Little Boy Atomic Bomb in World War II

Little Boy Atomic Bomb in World War II Little Boy was the first atomic bomb used against Japan in World War II and was detonated over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The design was the work of a team led by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch at the Los Alamos Laboratory. A gun-type fission weapon, the Little Boy design utilized uranium-235 to create its nuclear reaction. Delivered to Tinian in the Marianas, the first Little Boy was carried to its target by the B-29 Superfortresses Enola Gay flown by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. of the 509th Composite Group. The Little Boy design was briefly retained in the years after World War II but was quickly eclipsed by newer weapons. The Manhattan Project Overseen by Major General Leslie Groves and scientist Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project was the name given to the United States efforts to build nuclear weapons during World War II. The first approach pursued by the project was the use of enriched uranium to create a weapon, as this material was known to be fissionable. To meet the projects needs, enriched uranium production began at a new facility in Oak Ridge, TN in early 1943. Around the same time, scientists began experimenting with various bomb prototypes at the Los Alamos Design Laboratory in New Mexico. Uranium Designs Early work focused on gun-type designs which fired one piece of uranium into another to create a nuclear chain reaction. While this approach proved promising for uranium-based bombs, it was less so for those utilizing plutonium. As a result, the scientists at Los Alamos began developing an implosion design for a plutonium-based bomb as this material was relatively more plentiful. By July 1944, the bulk of the research was focused on the plutonium designs and the uranium gun-type bomb was less of a priority. Leading the design team for the gun-type weapon, Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch succeeded in convincing his superiors that the design was worth pursuing if only as a back-up in case the plutonium bomb design failed. Pushing forward, Birchs team produced specifications for the bomb design in February 1945. Moving into production, the weapon, minus its uranium payload, was completed in early May. Dubbed the Mark I (Model 1850) and code-named Little Boy, the bombs uranium was not available until July. The final design measured 10 feet long and 28 inches in diameter. Little Boy Design A gun-type nuclear weapon, Little Boy relied on one mass of uranium-235 hitting another to create a nuclear reaction. As a result, the core component of the bomb was a smoothbore gun barrel through which the uranium projectile would be fired. The final design specified the use of 64 kilograms of uranium-235. Approximately 60% of this was formed into the projectile, which was a cylinder with a four-inch hole through the middle. The remaining 40% comprised the target which was a solid spike measuring seven inches long with a diameter of four inches. Commander A. Francis Birch (left) assembles the bomb while physicist Norman Ramsey watches. Public Domain When detonated, the projectile would be propelled down the barrel by a tungsten carbide and steel plug and would create a super-critical mass of uranium at impact. This mass was to be contained by a tungsten carbide and steel tamper and neutron reflector. Due to a lack of uranium-235, no full-scale test of the design occurred prior to the bombs construction. Also, due to its relatively simplistic design, Birchs team felt that only smaller-scale, laboratory tests were necessary to prove the concept. Though a design that virtually ensured success, Little Boy was relatively unsafe by modern standards, as several scenarios, such as a crash or electrical short circuit, could lead to a fizzle or accidental detonation. For detonation, Little Boy employed a three-stage fuse system which ensured that the bomber could escape and that it would explode at a preset altitude. This system employed a timer, barometric stage, and a set of doubly-redundant radar altimeters. "Little Boy" Atomic Bomb Type: Nuclear weaponNation: United StatesDesigner: Los Alamos LabratoryLength: 10 feetWeight: 9,700 poundsDiameter: 28 inchesFilling: Uranium-235Yield: 15 kilotons of TNT Delivery Use On July 14, several completed bomb units and the uranium projectile were shipped by train from Los Alamos to San Francisco. Here they were embarked aboard the cruiser USS Indianapolis. Steaming at high speed, the cruiser delivered the bomb components to Tinian on July 26. That same day, the uranium target was flown to the island in three C-54 Skymasters from the 509th Composite Group. With all of the pieces on hand, bomb unit L11 was chosen and Little Boy assembled. Due to the danger of handling the bomb, the weaponeer assigned to it, Captain William S. Parsons, made the decision to delay inserting the cordite bags into the gun mechanism until the bomb was airborne. With the decision to use the weapon against the Japanese, Hiroshima was selected as the target and Little Boy was loaded aboard the B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay. Commanded by Colonel Paul Tibbets, Enola Gay took off on August 6 and rendezvoused with two additional B-29s, which had been loaded with instrumentation and photographic equipment, over Iwo Jima. Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay landing after the atomic bombing mission on Hiroshima, Japan, 1945. U.S. Air Force Proceeding to Hiroshima, Enola Gay released Little Boy over the city at 8:15 AM. Falling for fifty-seven seconds, it detonated at the predetermined height of 1,900 feet with a blast equivalent to about 13-15 kilotons of TNT. Creating an area of complete devastation approximately two miles in diameter, the bomb, with its resulting shock wave and firestorm, effectively destroyed around 4.7 square miles of the city, killing 70,000-80,000 and injuring another 70,000. The first nuclear weapon used in wartime, it was quickly followed three days later by the use of Fat Man, a plutonium bomb, on Nagasaki. Postwar As it was not expected that the Little Boy design would be used again, many of the plans for the weapon were destroyed. This caused a problem in 1946 when a shortage of plutonium for new weapons led to the need to construct several uranium-based bombs as a stopgap. This resulted in a successful effort to recreate the original design and produced six assemblies. In 1947, the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance built 25 Little Boy assemblies though by the following year there was only enough fissionable material to arm ten. The last of the Little Boy units were removed from the inventory in January 1951.